Showing posts with label convertor. Show all posts
Showing posts with label convertor. Show all posts

Tuesday, July 14, 2020

Send Morse Code (CW) with your Voice

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CW or Morse Code is a way ham radio operators send messages with a simple tone of two durations.  It was a must before the days of wireless voice communications and still remains popular because it is a fun challenge. 

There are many online tools that will convert text into Morse Code.  However, a Google AIY Voice Bonnet came into our possession and we thought we could take that another step by creating a "Speech to Morse" translator that would actually send code over the air on the ham radio bands from spoken word.

To use the rig, you don't need a ham radio license unless you connect to an actually ham radio transmitter; which is kinda the whole point.  My quick ham radio advertisement:  Get a FCC Amateur Radio license; it's not hard and is an extremely interesting hobby.  BTW, learning Morse Code is no longer a requirement.
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When we were given the AIY Voice Bonnet we really didn't even know what it did.  We knew it needed a Raspberry PI and it could act somewhat like a Google Voice Assistant.   We had a Raspberry PI Zero handy and after some Google search engineering we found a disk image file to get us started.

Like a lot of internet projects APIs can change and documentation can be conflicting, we finally got the RasPI and Voice Bonnet to talk to the web after some effort.  A full blown Google Voice Assistant this thing is NOT; if you want one of those then BUY, don't BUILD.  After leaning into the AIY GitHub for knowledge we were finally rewarded with success.
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The connections are easy and just follow the AIY GitHub to wire the ACTIVATE BUTTON. We used IO Pin 16 on the RasPI for the relay control because it wasn't used by the AIY Voice Bonnet.  The AIY Voice Bonnet has four GPIO pins on board, but we could never get them to work.   Here's the summary:
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And here is the rig in action.  The Python code to make it run is below.

Demo at 20 WPM:
Demo at 12 WPM:
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Thanks and 73!   Here is our Python source code:

#!/usr/bin/env python3

#
#  July  2020
#  Voice to Morse Code Translator
#  WhiskeyTangoHotel.Com
#
# RaspberryPI Zero and AIY Voice Bonnet.
#
# Use Google Voice AIY to convert speech to text.
# Read that text file created and convert the text.
# Turn that text into to Morse Code "." and "-".
# Close a relay to transmit it over the air with a ham radio
#
#
# BTW, CW is fun to learn.
# *  --... / ...--   //  --... / ...--

# Some program set up and Define some variables

import os  # needed to delete the text file after reading
import time  # needed for delays
from datetime import datetime # need to calc run time
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM) # Use BCM I/O board pin numbers

SendingLine = 0  # this is the text file line we will send
StartCW = 0    #  Char position to start sending from the parsed line
EndCW = 0       #  Char position to stop sending from the parsed line

keyer = 16  # Pin where the keyer relay is connected
GPIO.setup(keyer, GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.output(keyer, GPIO.LOW)  # make certain we are not keyed down

# Load the CW database 'dits' and 'dahs' for each Alphanumeric. Boring....
A = ".-"
B = "-..."
C = "-.-."
D = "-.."
E = "."
F = "..-."
G = "--."
H = "...."
I = ".."
J = ".---"
K = "-.-"
L = ".-.."
M = "--"
N = "-."
O = "---"
P = ".--."
Q = "--.-"
R = ".-."
S = "..."
T = "-"
U = "..-"
V = "...-"
W = ".--"
X = "-..-"
Y = "-.--"
Z = "--.."
period = ".-.-.-"
zero = "-----"
one = ".----"
two = "..---"
three = "...--"
four = "....-"
five = "....."
six = "-...."
seven = "--..."
eight = "---.."
nine = "----."

# WPM spacing calculated using the "Paris Standard"
# Per Morse code convention: 1 Dah = 3 Dits, LETTERS are spaced by one Dit, WORDS are spaced by one Dah.

WPM = 20.0    # Don't leave off the ".0" or WPM will be an integer (we want it to float)
Dit = 1.200 / WPM
Dah = Dit * 3.0
between_ditdah_spacing = Dit
between_character_spacing = Dit * 2
between_word_spacing = Dit * 3

"""Calls to Google Assistant GRPC recognizer."""

# We use AIY in the cloud to do the speech to text processing.  The RaspberryPI just can't do it as good.

# Copyright 2017 Google Inc.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

import argparse
import locale
import logging
import signal
import sys

from aiy.assistant.grpc import AssistantServiceClientWithLed
from aiy.board import Board

def volume(string):
    value = int(string)
    if value < 0 or value > 100:
        raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError('Volume must be in [0...100] range.')
    return value

def locale_language():
    language, _ = locale.getdefaultlocale()
    return language

def main():
    logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)
    signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, lambda signum, frame: sys.exit(0))

    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Assistant service example.')
    parser.add_argument('--language', default=locale_language())
    parser.add_argument('--volume', type=volume, default=100)
    args = parser.parse_args()

    with Board() as board:
        assistant = AssistantServiceClientWithLed(board=board,
                                                  volume_percentage=args.volume,
                                                  language_code=args.language)
        while True:
            logging.info('Press button to start conversation...')
            board.button.wait_for_press()
            logging.info('Conversation started!')
            assistant.conversation()

            # Voice to CW routine starts here are the dim RED button is pressed
            # Button will turn bright RED while the rig is listening
            # Button will dim blink RED when ready for next speech input

            #  Read the text file created by the speech to text and get it ready to send as CW

            # Look for "Trigger Lines" in the text file.  Parse and send the line above it
            Trig1 = "Recording stopped."
            Trig2 = "End of audio request detected"
            Trig3 = "Updating conversation state"
            i = -1

            Get_file = "keywhat.txt"  # this is the text file created from AIY that we are going to process

            mylines = []
            with open (Get_file, 'rt') as myfile:    #'rt' means 'read text data'
                for line in myfile:
                    i = i + 1
                    mylines.append(line)
                   
                    # If we find one to the Trigger lines, we have passed the voice text by one line in the file
                    if mylines[i].find(Trig1) and mylines[i].find(Trig2) and mylines[i].find(Trig3)!= -1 :
                        SendingLine = i-1

            print (SendingLine, mylines[SendingLine])
            Send_text = mylines[SendingLine]

            #  Strip out only the text we want to send over the air
            StartCW = int((mylines[SendingLine].find('"')) + 1)
            EndCW = int(len(mylines[SendingLine]) - 3)
            # print StartCW, EndCW    #  used for debug

            SendasCW = Send_text[StartCW:EndCW]  # this is the text sent as CW

            #SendasCW = "test"  # used for debug
            SendasCW = (SendasCW.upper())  # and we always make certain it is all caps

            # We have the text.  Now parse it and send each letter as CW

            print ("Going to send: " + SendasCW + " at " + str(int(WPM)) + " WPM.")
            print ("-------------------------------------------")

            L = len(SendasCW)
            t0 = datetime.now()

            for x in range(0,L):  # Start character converstion to dit and dahs
                    Text_substring = SendasCW[x:x+1]
                    print ("Sending: " + Text_substring)   # for debug
                    if Text_substring == "0"  :  Text_substring = zero
                    if Text_substring == "1"  :  Text_substring = one
                    if Text_substring == "2"  :  Text_substring = two
                    if Text_substring == "3"  :  Text_substring = three
                    if Text_substring == "4"  :  Text_substring = four
                    if Text_substring == "5"  :  Text_substring = five
                    if Text_substring == "6"  :  Text_substring = six
                    if Text_substring == "7"  :  Text_substring = seven
                    if Text_substring == "8"  :  Text_substring = eight
                    if Text_substring == "9"  :  Text_substring = nine
                    if Text_substring == "."  :  Text_substring = period
                    if Text_substring == "A"  :  Text_substring = A
                    if Text_substring == "B"  :  Text_substring = B
                    if Text_substring == "C"  :  Text_substring = C
                    if Text_substring == "D"  :  Text_substring = D
                    if Text_substring == "E"  :  Text_substring = E
                    if Text_substring == "F"  :  Text_substring = F
                    if Text_substring == "G"  :  Text_substring = G
                    if Text_substring == "H"  :  Text_substring = H
                    if Text_substring == "I"  :  Text_substring = I
                    if Text_substring == "J"  :  Text_substring = J
                    if Text_substring == "K"  :  Text_substring = K
                    if Text_substring == "L"  :  Text_substring = L
                    if Text_substring == "M"  :  Text_substring = M
                    if Text_substring == "N"  :  Text_substring = N
                    if Text_substring == "O"  :  Text_substring = O
                    if Text_substring == "P"  :  Text_substring = P
                    if Text_substring == "Q"  :  Text_substring = Q
                    if Text_substring == "R"  :  Text_substring = R
                    if Text_substring == "S"  :  Text_substring = S
                    if Text_substring == "T"  :  Text_substring = T
                    if Text_substring == "U"  :  Text_substring = U
                    if Text_substring == "V"  :  Text_substring = V
                    if Text_substring == "W"  :  Text_substring = W
                    if Text_substring == "X"  :  Text_substring = X
                    if Text_substring == "Y"  :  Text_substring = Y
                    if Text_substring == "Z"  :  Text_substring = Z

                    #  Now send the dit/dahs for the Self Test Callsign Character
                    CW_length = int(len(Text_substring))

                    time.sleep(between_character_spacing) # a delay between characters

                    for j in range(0, CW_length):     # Send tones and blink LED in CW

                            Dit_or_Dah = Text_substring[j:j+1]

                            # HIGH closes a relay connect to the ham radio.  LOW opens the relay
                            # This relay closure is the same as pushing down on a straight key

                            if (Dit_or_Dah) == "."  :    # process a Dit
                                    print (Dit_or_Dah)
                                    GPIO.output(keyer, GPIO.HIGH)
                                    time.sleep(Dit) # a delay of "1 Dit" between dit/dahs in a character
                                    GPIO.output(keyer, GPIO.LOW)  #make certain we are not keyed down
                                    time.sleep(between_ditdah_spacing) # a delay bewteen characters
                                    # end if process a Dit

                            if (Dit_or_Dah) == "-"  :    # process a Dah
                                    print (Dit_or_Dah)
                                    GPIO.output(keyer, GPIO.HIGH)
                                    time.sleep(Dah) # a delay of "1 Dit" between dit/dahs in a character
                                    GPIO.output(keyer, GPIO.LOW)  #make certain we are not keyed down
                                    time.sleep(between_ditdah_spacing) # a delay bewteen characters
                                    # end if process a Dah

                            if (Dit_or_Dah) == " "  :    # process a SPACE (delay between words)
                                    print ("<SPACE>")
                                    GPIO.output(keyer, GPIO.LOW)  #make double certain we are not keyed down
                                    time.sleep(between_word_spacing) # a delay of "3 Dit" between words
                                    # end if process a SPACE


            GPIO.output(keyer, GPIO.LOW)  #make absolutely certain we are not keyed down

            t1 = datetime.now() - t0  # how long did it take to send?

            print ("-------------------------------------------")
            print ("Completed in " + str(t1) + " seconds at " + str(int(WPM)) + " WPM to send:")
            print (SendasCW)

            # close and delete voice to text cloud file to get ready for the next voice decode
            time.sleep(1)  # file handling delay, probably not needed
            myfile.close()
            os.remove(Get_file)
            time.sleep(1)  # file handling delay, probably not needed
            myfile = open(Get_file, "w")

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()
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Saturday, January 30, 2016

Low Cost Servo Motor Tester from eBay

For about a $1.50 USD eBay sellers will ship out to you the servo tester pictured above.   It's an amazing value to let you verify that the cheap servo you also got from eBay even works.  It's also great to help understand the MIN, CENTER, and MAX positions for any servo based RC or uC project. 
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Basically, servos motors are controlled by receiving pulse train signals.  The eBay servo tester is capable of producing this required pulse train.  Jameco has an easy to follow tutorial.  The image below shows that a 1mSec pulse width sends the servo full left.  1.5mSec centers the it.  2mSecs move the servo full right.  Jameco explains it all very well.
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The servo tester has three setting:
     MANUAL: allows the servo position to be adjusted with a knob.
     CENTER:   sets the servo to it's center position
     SWEEP:     continually sweeps the servo from it's MAX to MIN position (forever)

Connection is simple.  One side of the servo tester is for power.  The other side is where the servo under test conveniently plugs in.
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So.... let's use a Tektronix MSO5104B oscilloscope to look at the output of the servo tester and see what the heck is going on.  In the screen shot below the servo tester control knob is set to full left (minimum).  Sure enough, the pulse width as measured by the scope is 915uSec.  That's pretty darn close to the 1mSec width in the drawing above.
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With the knob set to full right (maximum) the scope cursors show a pulse width of 2.14mSec; pretty close to the ideal 2mSec in the drawing.
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Using the MSO5104B oscilloscope to zoom out on the signal we can see that the pulses repeat steadily every 20mSec.  If you check the tutorial at Jameco you will know that is exactly what is expected.
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Conclusion:  Splurge the $1.50 USD and treat yourself to this handy device.  It really helps to verify that a servo is actually working and in setting the movement limits on your project.  Below are two short videos of the servo tester in action.
 

 
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Here a short video where I use a Tektronix AFG3252C to send the control pulses to the servo.  The AFG3252C has infinitely more flexibility, but cost a few dollars more than the eBay option.
 
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Thanks for stopping by.  Build something.

Wednesday, January 13, 2016

5VDC Boost Converter Characterization

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Boost Converters are a type of switch power supply that magically turns a small DC voltage into larger DC voltage.  Learn about how that magic is preformed here.   Used properly they are great, but the magic of a boost converter does have it's limits.
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For the measurement setup a Keithley 2230 power supply is set to 1.5VDC (think AA battery voltage) to act as V(in) for the boost converter.  A Keithley DMM7510 HiRes multimeter is used to measure the ripple on V(out).  A Keithley 2450 SourceMeter SMU is used to simulate a load on the boost converter in static and swept mode. The Keithley 2450 also produces a V(out) graph under the swept load.

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The video shows how the 5VDC boost converter starts performing poorly at loads close to 100mA.  The output voltage begins to drop and ripple frequency increases as the boost converter works harder under the higher loads.  The Keithley 2450 is set up to graph the boost converter voltage output as it simulates the swept load.
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[EDIT: February 20, 2016]: We got a comment that the boost performance could have been effected by not having a constant 1.5VDC input into the converter during the entire load sweep due to lead resistance.  Turns out the comment was correct.  We retested the same boost converter with 4-wire measurement connections at both the INPUT and OUTPUT.  This 4-wire setup reduces any errors due to lead resistance.  The video below shows the improved result.  Measurement setup is everything!!!
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